The pseudonym "Philo Vaihinger" has been abandoned. All posts have been and are written by me, Joseph Auclair.

Thursday, January 30, 2014

Benjamin Constant

Consider this in light of this.

Or, indeed, vice-versa.

The liberty of the ancients?

Essentially direct, participatory democracy - but not for slaves, foreigners, or women -, it is gone forever, and good riddance, say I.

But that of the moderns, as BC understands it, besides leaving freedom from exploitation wholly out of account, as well as the last two of FDR's four freedoms, includes no measure of self-rule, even through representative government, referred to as "popular government" by other liberals, republicans, and democracy theorists.

And yet without self-rule exploitation is certain, the four freedoms are a pipe-dream, and the liberties of the moderns he speaks of are partly, though not entirely, empty formalities.

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